Siglec-8

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Siglec-8 is a human siglec expressed predominantly on eosinophils and mast cells, and is a paradigm for the rapidly evolving sub-family of CD33-related siglecs that are expressed on various white blood cells[1] [2] [3] [4]. A characteristic feature of Siglec-8 and most other CD33-related siglecs is a cytoplasmic domain with a single immunoreceptor tyrosine inhibitory motif (ITIM) and a single ITIM-like motif that participate in siglec-mediated regulation of cell signaling and endocytosis. While there is no clear ortholog in mice, Siglec-F has been documented as a functional paralog that has a similar expression pattern on murine leukocytes and similar ligand specificity[3][5] [6]. Siglec-8, and its murine paralog Siglec-F, recognize a ligand containing both sialic acid and sulfate (NeuAcα2-3[6S]Galβ1-4G[Fucα1-3]GlcNAc-), a specificity that is distinct from all other siglecs. Ligation of Siglec-8 (or Siglec-F) with antibodies or polymeric ligands induces apoptosis of eosinophils, suggesting a therapeutic approach for treating eosinophil (or mast cell) mediated disease by targeting Siglec-8[7][8] [9] [10].

Contents

CFG Participating Investigators contributing to the understanding of this paradigm

Participating Investigators (PIs) of the CFG have made major contributions to the understanding of the biology of Siglec-8 and its murine paralog, Siglec-F. These include: Bruce Bochner, Nicolai Bovin, Paul Crocker, James Paulson, Ronald Schnaar, Ajit Varki

Progress toward understanding this GBP paradigm

This section documents what is currently known about Siglec-8, its carbohydrate ligand(s), and how they interact to mediate cell communication. Further information about Siglec-8 can be found in its GBP Molecule Page in the CFG database.

Carbohydrate ligands

The high affinity ligand for Siglec-8 has been deduced from glycan microarray screening on the CFG microarray (click here and here) to be NeuAcα2-3(6-SO3)Galβ1-4(Fucα1-3)GlcNAc [6'Su-SLeX] [9][5]

File:6pso3slex.jpg

For Siglec-F, histologic studies suggest the presence of an α2,3-linked sialylated glycoprotein ligand expressed by airway epithelium. Its constitutive expression requires the enzyme St3Gal3.[11] Levels of this ligand are increased during allergic pulmonary inflammation. [6]

Cellular expression of GBP and ligands

Siglec-8 is expressed in human eosinophils and mast cells, and weakly in basophils. [2] [4][12]

Biosynthesis of ligands

Constitutive expression in airway epithelium of the putative α2,3-linked sialylated glycoprotein ligand for Siglec-F requires the enzyme St3Gal3 which has been characterized in Human and Mouse.

Structure

File:Siglec8 SiglecF.jpg
Siglec-8 and most other CD33-related siglecs have a characteristic cytoplasmic domain with a single immunoreceptor tyrosine inhibitory motif (ITIM) and a single ITIM-like motif that participate in siglec-mediated regulation of cell signaling and endocytosis.

Biological roles of GBP-ligand interaction

In vitro Eosinophil apoptosis. [10][13][14] Inhibition of mast cell mediator release.[15]

In vivo (for Siglec-F) Antibody administration to mice causes selective depletion of eosinophils in blood and gastrointestinal tissues via apoptosis.[16] They are also effective in reversing some sequelae of mouse models of eosinophilic gastroenteritis and asthma.[17][18]

CFG resources used in investigations

The best examples of CFG contributions to this paradigm are described below, with links to specific data sets. For a complete list of CFG data and resources relating to this paradigm, see the CFG database search results for Siglec-8.

Glycan profiling

Glycan structure analysis has been conducted by the CFG for human and mouse eosinophils.

Glycogene microarray

Analysis has been conducted on glycosyltransferase expression using the glycogene microarray for murine eosinophils that relates to the enzymes required for expression of cis ligands of Siglec-F on these cells. Probes for human Siglec-8 and mouse Siglec-F have been included on all four versions of the CFG glycogene microarray.

Knockout mouse lines

Mice deficient in Siglec-F have normal blood and bone marrow eosinophils at baseline, but develop exaggerated bone marrow, blood and lung eosinophilia after allergen sensitization and challenge. [6]

Glycan array

The discovery of the ligand for Siglec-8 [1] and its murine paralog, Siglec-F [2], was made by investigator-initiated resource requests for glycan array analysis and carbohydrate compounds. To see all glycan array results for Siglec-8, click here.

Related GBPs

hSiglec-3 (CD33), Siglec-5, Siglec-6 (CFG data), Siglec-7 (CFG data), Siglec-9 (CFG data), Siglec-10 (CFG data), Siglec-11, Siglec-F (CFG data), Siglec-E (CFG data), Siglec-G (CFG data).

References

  1. ↑ Crocker, P. R., Paulson, J. C. & Varki, A. Siglecs and their roles in the immune system. Nat Rev Immunol 7, 255-266 (2007).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Kikly, K.K., Bochner, B.S., et al. Identification of SAF-2, a novel siglec expressed on eosinophils, mast cells, and basophils. J Allergy Clin Immunol 105, 1093-100 (2000)
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Bochner, B.S. Siglec-8 on human eosinophils and mast cells, and Siglec-F on murine eosinophils, are functionally related inhibitory receptors. Clin Exp Allergy 39, 317-324 (2009).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Floyd H, Ni J, Cornish AL, Zeng Z, Liu D, Carter KC, Steel J, Crocker PR. Siglec-8: a novel eosinophil-specific member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:861-6.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Tateno, H., Crocker, P. R. & Paulson, J. C. Mouse Siglec-F and human Siglec-8 are functionally convergent paralogs that are selectively expressed on eosinophils and recognize 6'-sulfo-sialyl Lewis X as a preferred glycan ligand. Glycobiology 15, 1125-1135 (2005).
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Zhang M, Angata T, Cho JY, Miller M, Broide DH, Varki A. Defining the in vivo function of Siglec-F, a CD33-related Siglec expressed on mouse eosinophils. Blood 2007; 109:4280-7
  7. ↑ O'Reilly, M. K. & Paulson, J. C. Siglecs as targets for therapy in immune-cell-mediated disease. Trends Pharmacol Sci 30, 240-248 (2009).
  8. ↑ Zimmermann, N. et al. Siglec-F antibody administration to mice selectively reduces blood and tissue eosinophils. Allergy 63, 1156-1163 (2008).
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Bochner, B. S. et al. Glycan array screening reveals a candidate ligand for Siglec-8. J Biol Chem 280, 4307-4312 (2005).
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Nutku, E., Aizawa, H., Hudson, S. A. & Bochner, B. S. Ligation of Siglec-8: a selective mechanism for induction of human eosinophil apoptosis. Blood 101, 5014-5020 (2003).
  11. ↑ Guo JP, Brummet ME, Myers AC, Na HJ, Rowland E, Schnaar RL, Zheng T, Zhu Z, Bochner BS. Characterization of expression of glycan ligands for Siglec-F in normal mouse lungs. Am J Respir Cell and Molec Biol 2010 Apr 15 [Epub ahead of print] 2010 and
  12. ↑ Yokoi H, Myers A, Matsumoto K, Crocker PR, Saito H, Bochner BS. Alteration and acquisition of Siglecs during in vitro maturation of CD34+ progenitors into human mast cells. Allergy 2006; 61:769-76
  13. ↑ Nutku E, Hudson SA, Bochner BS. Mechanism of Siglec-8-induced human eosinophil apoptosis: role of caspases and mitochondrial injury. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 336:918-24
  14. ↑ 1Nutku-Bilir E, Hudson SA, Bochner BS. Interleukin-5 priming of human eosinophils alters Siglec-8 mediated apoptosis pathways. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2008; 38:121-4
  15. ↑ Yokoi H, Choi OH, Hubbard W, Lee H-S, Canning BJ, Lee HH, Ryu S-D, Bickel CA, Hudson SA, MacGlashan DW, Jr., Bochner BS. Inhibition of FcεRI-dependent mediator release and calcium flux from human mast cells by Siglec-8 engagement. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008; 121:499-505
  16. ↑ Zimmermann N, McBride ML, Yamada Y, Hudson SA, Jones C, Cromie KD, Crocker PR, Rothenberg ME, Bochner BS. Siglec-F antibody administration to mice selectively reduces blood and tissue eosinophils. Allergy 2008; 63:1156-63
  17. ↑ Song DJ, Cho JY, Miller M, Strangman W, Zhang M, Varki A, Broide DH. Anti-Siglec-F antibody inhibits oral egg allergen induced intestinal eosinophilic inflammation in a mouse model. Clin Immunol 2009; 131:157-69
  18. ↑ Song DJ, Cho JY, Lee SY, Miller M, Rosenthal P, Soroosh P, Croft M, Zhang M, Varki A, Broide DH. Anti-Siglec-F antibody reduces allergen-induced eosinophilic inflammation and airway remodeling. J Immunol 2009; 183:5333-41

Acknowledgements

The CFG is grateful to the following PIs for their contributions to this wiki page: Bruce Bochner, Paul Crocker, James Paulson, Ron Schnaar

Retrieved from "http://www.functionalglycomics.org/CFGparadigms/index.php/Siglec-8"
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